Spreadsheet Operators and Functions


The Finance Spreadsheet in doogiePIM provides a number of predefined (built-in) operators and functions.  Operators perform basic operations while functions are used to perform more complex calculations.  The operators and functions can be divided into groups as follows:





Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators allow you to perform basic arithmetic operations.


Mnemonics

Operands

Example and explanation

+

Two arguments

= 5 + B1


Adds the first argument's value to the value of the second argument.

-

Two arguments

= A5 - B1


Subtracts the second argument's value from the value of the first one.

*

Two arguments

= A2 * A3


Multiplies the first argument's value by the value of the second argument.

/

Two arguments

= A1 / PI()


Divides the first argument's value by the value of the second argument.

^

Two arguments

= B1 ^ A2


Raises the first argument's value to the power determined by the second argument's value.



Logical operators

Logical operators perform comparison operations and return a logical value (TRUE or FALSE) as a result.


Mnemonics

Operands

Example and explanation

=

Two arguments of logical types

= A1=A2


The equality operation.  Returns TRUE if the first argument is equal to the second one.  Otherwise, returns FALSE.

<>

Two arguments of logical types

= A1<>B2


The inequality operation.  Returns TRUE if values within the list are not equal.  Otherwise, returns FALSE.

<

Two arguments of logical types

= A1<B1


The "Less than" operation.  Returns TRUE if the first argument is less than the second one.  Otherwise, returns FALSE.

>

Two arguments of logical types

= A1>100


The "Greater than" operation.  Returns TRUE if the first argument is greater than the second one.  Otherwise, returns FALSE.

<=

Two arguments of logical types

= A2<=C4


The "Less than or equal to" operation.  Returns TRUE if the first argument is less than or equal to the second one.  Otherwise, returns FALSE.

>=

Two arguments of logical types

= A2>=1.57


The "Greater than or equal to" operation.  Returns TRUE if the first argument is greater than or equal to the second one.  Otherwise, returns FALSE.



Arithmetic functions

A set of mathematic and trigonometric functions.


Mnemonics

Operands

Action

ABS

One argument of double type

=ABS(B6)


Returns the absolute value.

ACOS

One argument of double type

=ACOS(B16)


Returns the arccosine.

ACOSH

One argument of double type

=ACOSH(A1)


Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine.

ASIN

One argument of double type

=ASIN(B6)


Returns the arcsine.

ASINH

One argument of double type

=ASINH(C2)


Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of the argument.

ATAN

One argument of double type

=ATAN(C5)


Returns the arctangent.

ATAN2

Two arguments of double type

=ATAN2(A1, A2)


Returns the arctangent using x- and y- coordinates.

ATANH

One argument of double type

=ATANH(D4)


Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent.

CEILING

Two argument of double type

=CEILING(2.5, 1)


Rounds the first argument up to the nearest multiple based on the significance specified by the second argument.

COS

One argument of double type

=COS(A1)


Returns the cosine.

COSH

One argument of double type

=COSH(D7)


Returns the hyperbolic cosine

COUNTIF

Two arguments: the range of cells and the condition of type string

=COUNTIF(A1:A7,">2")


Counts the number of non blank cells within a range which meet a given condition.

DEGREES

One argument of double type that specifies angle in radians

=DEGREES(PI()/2)


Converts radians to degrees.

EVEN

One argument of double type

=EVEN(-1)


Rounds the argument up to the nearest even integer.

EXP

One argument of double type

=EXP(C1)


Returns the exponent value of the argument

FACT

One nonnegative argument

=FACT(2)


Returns the factorial of the argument.

FLOOR

Two arguments of double type

=FLOOR(-2.5, -2)


Rounds the first argument down, towards zero, to the nearest multiple of the significance specified by the second argument.

INT

Argument of type double

=INT(E4)


Rounds the argument down to the nearest integer.

LN

One argument of double type

=LN(C1)


Returns the natural logarithm.

LOG

Two arguments: the number and the base

=LOG(100, 10)


Returns the logarithm of a number to the specified base.

LOG10

One argument of double type

=LOG10(1000)


Returns the base-10 logarithm of the argument.

MOD

Two arguments: a number and divisor

=MOD(4,3)


Returns the remainder after the number is divided by the divisor.

ODD

One argument of double type

=ODD(3.5)


Rounds the argument up to the nearest odd integer.

PI

No arguments required

=PI()


Returns the value of Pi.

POWER

Two arguments of double type: the number and the power

=POWER(A1,4)


Raises the number to the base.

RADIANS

One argument of type double that specifies angle in degrees.

=RADIANS(180)


Converts degrees to radians.

RAND

No arguments required

=RAND()


Returns a random number between 0 and 1.

ROUND

Two arguments: the number of double type and the number of digits

=ROUND(20.57, 1)


Rounds the first argument to the specified number of digits.

ROUNDDOWN

Two arguments of double type

=ROUNDDOWN(2.75,0)


Rounds the argument toward zero. 

The first argument specifies a number to round up.  The second argument defines the number of digits to which you want to round the first argument.

ROUNDUP

Two arguments of double type

=ROUNDUP(-3.42,1)


Rounds the argument toward infinity. 

The first argument specifies a number to round up.  The second argument defines the number of digits to which you want to round the first argument.

SIGN

One argument of double type

=SIGN(A2)


Returns the sign.

SIN

One argument of double type

=SIN(A1)


Returns the sine.

SINH

One argument of double type

=SINH(1)


Returns the hyperbolic sine.

SQRT

One argument of double type

=SQRT(B5)


Returns the square root.

SUM

A list of arguments

=SUM(A1:C12)


=SUM(A1, 3.14, 1.57)


Sums all the values in the list.

SUMSQ

A list of arguments

=SUMSQ(B1:D1)


=SUM(1, 2, 3, 4)


Sums the square of values in the list

TAN

One argument of double type

=TAN(C3)


Returns the tangent.

TANH

One argument of double type

=TANH(0)


Returns the hyperbolic tangent.

TRUNC

One argument of double type

=TRUNC(PI())


Returns the integer part. Compare this with the Int function, which returns a double



Statistical functions

Basic statistical functions.


Mnemonics

Operands

Example and explanation

AVERAGE

A list of arguments

=AVERAGE(A1:A5)

=AVERAGE(10.3, 9.1)


Calculates the average value of values within the list.

AVERAGEA

A list of arguments

=AVERAGEA(A1:A5)


Calculates the average value of the non-empty cells referenced.

AVERAGEA(range) equals SUM(range)/COUNTA(range).

COUNT

A list of arguments

=COUNT(A1:A4)

=COUNT(1, 5, 8)


Returns the number of cells in a given range.

COUNTA

A list of arguments

=COUNTA(A1:A4)


Counts the number of non-empty cells in a given range.

COUNTBLANK

A list of arguments

=COUNTBLANK(A1:E1)


Counts the number of empty cells.

MAX

A list of arguments

=MAX(A1:D1)

=MAX(A1, 100, C2)


Returns the largest argument value.

MIN

A list of arguments

=MIN(A1:D1)

=MIN(0, C2)


Returns the smallest argument value.

SUM

A list of arguments

=SUM(A1:C12)

=SUM(A1, 3.14, 1.57)


Sums values within the list.

SUMSQ

A list of arguments

=SUMSQ(B1:D1)

=SUMSQ(1, 2, 3, 4)


Sums squares of values within the list.



Logical functions

Logical functions take logical values as arguments and return a logical value as a result.


Mnemonics

Operands

Example and explanation

AND

A list of logical arguments

=AND(1<B4, B4<100)


Logical AND operation.

Returns TRUE if all values within the list are TRUE; returns FALSE if one or more values within the list evaluates to FALSE.

FALSE

No arguments required

=FALSE()


Returns the logical value FALSE.

IF

Three arguments: the logical expression, the value to return if the expression succeeds, the value to return the expression fails.

=IF(A10<=100, "Within budget", "Over budget")


Returns the second argument if the logical expression evaluates to TRUE and the third argument otherwise.

NOT

One argument of logical type

=NOT(1>D4)


Logical NOT operation.

Reverses the value of its argument.

OR

A list of logical arguments

=OR(A1>=10, A1<=10)


Logical OR operation.

Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE; returns FALSE if all values within the list evaluate to FALSE.

TRUE

No arguments required.

=TRUE()


Returns the logical value TRUE.



Date and Time functions


Mnemonics

Operands

Example and explanation

DATE

Three operands defining the year, month and day.

=DATE(1900,1,1)


Calculates the serial number that represents a specified date.

DAY

One argument defining the serial number of the required date.

=DAY(TODAY())


Returns the day portion of a given date.

HOUR

One argument defining the serial number of the required date/time value.

=HOUR(NOW())


Returns the hour portion of a given date/time value.

MONTH

One argument defining the serial number of the required date.

=MONTH(TODAY())


Returns the month portion of a given date.

MINUTE

One argument defining the serial number of the required date/time value.

=MINUTE(NOW())


Returns the minutes portion of a given date/time value.

NOW

No arguments required.

=NOW()


Returns the current time in general format.  You can apply further formatting to the result of the function.

SECOND

One argument defining the serial number of the required date/time value.

=SECOND(NOW())


Returns the seconds portion of a given date/time value.

TIME

Three arguments defining hour, minute and second parts of a time value.

=TIME(16, 48, 10)


Returns a decimal number for a specified time.

TODAY

No arguments required.

=TODAY()


Returns the serial number of the current date.

WEEKDAY

Two arguments: the serial number of the required date, weekday base.

=WEEKDAY(TODAY())

=WEEKDAY(DATE( 2002, 12, 1),1)


Returns the day of the week corresponding to the specified date.  The weekday base identifies the first day of the week and determines the return value type:


1 or omitted: the first day of the week is Sunday. 


The function returns

1 for Sunday,

2 for Monday, etc.


2: the first day of the week is Monday. 

The function returns

1 for Monday,

2 for Tuesday, etc.


3: the first day of the week is Monday. 

The function returns

0 for Monday,

1 for Tuesday, etc.

YEAR

One argument defining the serial number of the required date.

=YEAR(TODAY())


Returns the year portion of a given date.



Text functions


Key

Operands

Example and explanation

& (ampersand)

Two arguments of type string

= "doogie"&"PIM"


Concatenates specified strings.

CONCATENATE

A list of strings

=CONCATENATE("BiteSpire", "Software")


Joins several text strings in one text string. An alternative to "&".

DOLLAR

Two arguments defining the value and the number of digits to the right of the decimal point in the output string.

=DOLLAR(957.344, 2)


Converts the number to text using currency format $#,##0.00_);($#,##0.00), with the decimals rounded to the specified number of places.

FIXED

The first argument of type double is required.  The second argument of type integer is optional (the default value is 2). The third argument of type Boolean is optional

=FIXED(1234.567, 1)


Rounds the first argument to the number of decimals determined by the second argument and returns it as a string.  The third parameter specifies whether to omit commas in the output string.

LEFT

The first argument of type string is required.  The second argument of type integer is optional.

=LEFT(A1)


=LEFT(A1, 3)


Returns the first character or characters in a text string.  The second parameter defines the number of characters to extract.  The default value is 1

LEN

One argument of type string.

=LEN("ABC")


Returns the length of a given string.

LOWER

One argument of type string.

=LOWER(A1)


Converts a string to lowercase.

MID

The first argument is of type string, the second and the third arguments are of type integer.

=MID("ABC",3,1)


Returns the substring of a given text string.  The position of the substring is defined by the second parameter.  The third parameter specifies the number of characters to extract.

RIGHT

The first argument of type string is required.  The second argument of type integer is optional

=RIGHT(B2, 3)


Returns the last character or characters in a text string.  The second parameter defines the number of characters to extract.  The default value is 1.

TRIM

One argument of string type

=TRIM("   BiteSpire Soft ware   ")


Removes all spaces from text except for single spaces between words.

UPPER

One argument of type string.

=UPPER(A1&A2)


Converts a string to uppercase.



"IS" functions

Functions which test the type of a value and return a Boolean result.


Mnemonics

Operands

Example and explanation

ISBLANK

A value of any type

=ISBLANK(A1)


Returns TRUE if cell is empty.

ISERR

A value of any type

=ISERR(H1)


Returns TRUE if the cell contains any error value except #N/A.

ISERROR

A value of any type

=ISERROR(A7)


Returns TRUE if the cell contains any error value (#N/A, #VALUE!, #REF!, #DIV/0!, #NUM!, #NAME?, or #NULL!).

ISLOGICAL

A value of any type

=ISLOGICAL(C3)


Returns TRUE if the specified value refers to a logical value.

ISNA

A value of any type

=ISNA(E5)


Returns TRUE if the cell contains #N/A (value not available) error value.

ISNONTEXT

A value of any type

=ISNONTEXT(D4)


Returns TRUE if the cell does not contain text.  Returns TRUE for blank cells

ISNUMBER

A value of any type

=ISNUMBER(A2)


Returns TRUE if the cell contains a number.

ISTEXT

A value of any type

=ISTEXT(D1)


Returns TRUE if the specified cell contains text.



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